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TroVax works by encouraging patients’ immune systems to launch a response against a protein that is found on the surface of solid cancers, including kidney cancers, but is not found on healthy cells. This immune response enables the body to identify and kill the cancer cells.

TroVax is a cancer vaccine that is made up of an altered, non-infectious virus, which carries the gene for a protein called 5T4. 5T4 is found on the surface of some cancer cells, but not on healthy cells. Ninety per cent of advanced renal cell carcinomas carry this protein on their surface.

TroVax is administered by injection into muscle. The muscle cells that are injected make the 5T4 protein, but are also killed by the virus. This event leads to the body launching an immune response, as it can sense that it has been invaded, and antibodies are created to both the virus and to the 5T4 protein, as this protein is present at the site of ‘infection’. The immune response leads to the cancer cells around the body that carry the 5T4 protein being killed. Healthy cells are not affected.

No adverse reactions to TroVax have been reported by any of the clinicians or patients involved in any of the studies carried out, and a high percentage of patients have launched an immune response against 5T4. The strength of the immune response launched appears to correlate with a patient’s response to treatment with TroVax.

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